FAQ:
Different specs for deep cycle marine batteries?
I have observed that deep cycle battery capacity/performance characteristics are defined by 3 numbers. The definitions for the first 2 are the same for all deep cycle batteries I’ve seen:
1. Marine cranking amps at 32 degrees F
2. Cold cranking amps
But for some of them, the third number is “Amp/hours”, and for others it is “Reserve capacity.”
I totally get what cranking amps and amp/hours are. I recently put together two off-grid solar powered comunications towers, and I have to maintain a third one that was already here.
But what is “reserve capacity”? Amp/hours translates directly into how long the equipment will run on battery power without power from the solar panel. Can “reserve capacity” be converted to A/h? In other words, is it just an alternate way to express the same characteristic? Or does indicate different battery construction, and/or different design goals tailored for different usage scenarios?
TIA
Derrick,
So it does convert directly into A/h, 2.5 hrs * 25 amps = 62.5 A/h.
Cool man, thanks!
Answer by Derrick S
Reserve Minutes: Reserve Minutes indicate how long a battery can sustain a load of 25 amps before it drops to 10.5 volts. A battery rated at 150 minutes can operate a 25A load for 2 1/2 hours. Starting batteries aren’t used to handle loads for long periods, so reserve minutes are less critical.
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This page says it perfectly. Basically it is a real rather than theoretical number regarding the batteries actual capacity and capability. Real cheap batteries don’t state this, I wonder why…..
Cheers.
http://www.dcbattery.com/faq.html#3
FAQ List
1) BATTERY RATINGS
How are batteries rated and what do the ratings mean in battery selection?
ANSWER:
The most common battery rating is the AMP-HOUR RATING. This is a unit of measurement for battery capacity, obtained by multiplying a current flow in amperes by the time in hours of discharge. (Example: A battery which delivers 5 amperes for 20 hours delivers 5 amperes times 20 hours, or 100 ampere-hours.)
Manufacturers use different discharge periods to yield an different Amp-Hr. Rating for the same capacity batteries, therefore, the Amp-Hr. Rating has little significance unless qualified by the number of hours the battery is discharged. For this reason Amp-Hour Ratings are only a general method of evaluating a battery’s capacity for selection purposes. The quality of internal components and technical construction within the battery will generate different desired characteristics without effecting its Amp-Hour Rating. For instance, there are 150 Amp-Hour batteries that will not support an electrical load overnight and if called upon to do so repetitively, will fail early in their life. Conversely, there are 150 Amp-Hour batteries that will operate an electrical load for several days before needing recharging and will do so for years. The following ratings must be examined in order to evaluate and select the proper battery for a specific application: COLD CRANKING AMPERAGE and RESERVE CAPACITY are ratings used by the industry to simplify battery selection.
FAQ List
2) COLD CRANKING AMPERAGE:
How does the Cold Cranking Amperage rating help me select a battery?
ANSWER:
(CCA) is the maximum amperes that can be continuously removed from a battery for 30 seconds at 0°F before its voltage drops to unusable levels. A 550 CCA battery can supply 550 amperes for 30 seconds at 0°F. This rating is only useful in the selection of engine starting batteries.
NOTE: Do not confuse Cold Cranking Amperage (CCA) with Marine Cranking Amperage (MCA) or Cranking Amperage (CA). MCA and CA is a higher battery rating measured at warmer temperatures.
FAQ List
3) RESERVE CAPACITY
What does the Reserve Capacity rating mean and how does it apply to deep cycle batteries?
ANSWER:
Reserve capacity is the number of minutes a battery can maintain a useful voltage under a 25 ampere discharge. The higher the minute rating, the greater the battery’s ability to run lights, pumps, inverters, and electronics for a longer period before recharging is necessary. The 25 Amp. Reserve Capacity Rating is more realistic than Amp-Hour or CCA as a measurement of capacity for deep cycle service. Batteries promoted on their high Cold Cranking Ratings are easy and inexpensive to build. The market is flooded with them, however their Reserve Capacity, Cycle Life (the number of discharges and charges the battery can deliver) and Service life are poor. Reserve Capacity is difficult and costly to engineer into a battery and requires higher quality cell materials.
For instance, Rolls, Surrette and Lifeline use thicker lead grids (the plate’s skeletal structure) to support additional positive plate oxides which are compressed into a denser form in order to add battery reactive material for greater Reserve Capacity and Cycling Performance. In addition, these plates are separated by indestructible separators. These mats hold the active oxides tightly in place during the cubical plate expansion which occurs during deep discharging, instead of allowing the oxides to shed off and precipitate to the bottom of the battery. Construction materials such as those raise the Reserve Capacity of a battery and increase the battery’s Cycle Life.
Reserve capacity is going to be pretty much useless to you because various manufacturers word it differently. Amp/hrs is what should concern you, being the capacity of you battery or bank of batteries.
yes, 2.5 hrs * 25 amps = 62.5 AH
but…the faster you discharge a battery, the fewer amp hours it can supply before it is completely discharged.
other words, if the spec says “100 amp hours”, that means the battery is designed to supply 5 amps for 20 hours…but you can be sure that it won’t supply 20 amps for 5 hours — it’ll be closer to 3 maybe 3 1/2. (google “peukert effect”)
also, “completely discharged” means 10.5 volts…but most battery-powered equipment will cease to function before it gets that low. depending of course on what it’s running…most stuff, when you get to around 50% state of discharge, it’s functionally dead.
btw, MCA as I understand it, is cranking amps at 32ºF